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Where best practice benchmark is unachievable, KMRL undertakes a qualitative

analysis of the safety implications supported by a quantitative analysis as appropriate.
A qualitative analysis includes

The safety significance of any shortfalls against recognised safety principles,
standards, codes of practice etc. It takes into account any special circumstances

e.g. susceptibility to failure or additional control measures which may be present.
This allows evaluation of risk reduction potential of the improvement option being

considered;
Susceptibility to human and/or organisational failures and the adequacy of

degraded operations;
The practicality of the option to achieve the improvement potential (e.g. new build

versus refurbishment etc.);

The possibility of increased accident potential during implementation.

A qualitative judgement is made as to whether the option is reasonably practicable.

Where major costs are involved or the issue has high safety significance, where it is

practicable to do so, KMRL supports the qualitative assessment with a quantitative
assessment.

Determining whether a risk is ALARP is an exercise of professional judgement, and

involves:
Seeking the correct combination of compliance with rules, adoption of good

practice, quantitative analysis and respect for ethical responsibilities and
commercial considerations;

Complying with legislative and regulatory intent;
Rigorously applying the following hierarchy of control principles

elimination of hazard

substitution
applying engineering controls
administrative controls

PPE

Ensuring that the decision is taken, not allowed to go by default, and that it is
taken at the appropriate level in the organisation; and

Recording the decision, the evidence on which the decision was based and the
reasoning that was applied to that evidence.